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Does a Low Sodium Diet Improve Asthma Control?

A Randomized Controlled Trial

¹ Division of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom; and ² Pharmacy, Nottingham City Hospital, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, United Kingdom

Correspondence and requests for reprints should be addressed to Zara Pogson, M.R.C.P., Division of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Nottingham, Clinical Sciences Building, Nottingham City Hospital, Nottingham, NG5 1PB, UK. E-mail: zara.hoare{at}nottingham.ac.uk

Rationale: Observational studies and initial randomized trials have indicated that a low sodium diet may improve asthma control.

Objectives: We tested the hypothesis that a low sodium diet would improve asthma control over a 6-week period.

Methods: Participants with a physician diagnosis of asthma and measurable bronchial reactivity to methacholine entered a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial. All adopted a low sodium diet and were randomized to receive either 80 mmol/day of oral sodium supplements (normal sodium intake) or matched placebo (low sodium intake) for 6 weeks. The primary outcome was change in bronchial reactivity to methacholine; secondary outcomes were change in lung function, morning and evening peak expiratory flow, asthma symptoms score, daily bronchodilator use, Juniper Standardized Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire score, and atopy.

Measurements and Main Results: A total of 220 individuals entered the study, of whom 199 completed the protocol. In the low sodium–intake group, mean daily urinary sodium excretion decreased by 20 mmol (SD, 64 mmol) and in the normal-sodium-intake group increased by 28 mmol (SD, 74 mmol). There were no differences between the two groups in the primary or secondary outcome measures; the mean difference in bronchial reactivity between the low- and normal-intake groups was –0.03 doubling doses of methacholine (95% confidence interval, –0.60 to 0.53).

Conclusions: The use of a low sodium diet as an adjunctive therapy to normal treatment has no additional therapeutic benefit in adults with asthma and bronchial reactivity to methacholine.

Clinical trial registered with www.controlled-trials.com (ISRCTN80771653).

Key Words: asthma management • sodium • controlled trials

AT A GLANCE COMMENTARY Scientific Knowledge on the Subject Small clinical trials have suggested that a low sodium diet may improve asthma control. What This Study Adds to the Field This study demonstrates that a low sodium diet as an adjunctive therapy to normal treatment has no additional therapeutic benefit in adults with asthma and bronchial reactivity.

 

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