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Published ahead of print on November 3, 2003, doi:10.1164/rccm.200308-1094OC
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American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine Vol 169. pp. 378-385, (2004)
© 2004 American Thoracic Society

Continuous Exposure to House Dust Mite Elicits Chronic Airway Inflammation and Structural Remodeling

Jill R. Johnson, Ryan E. Wiley, Ramzi Fattouh, Filip K. Swirski, Beata U. Gajewska, Anthony J. Coyle, José-Carlos Gutierrez-Ramos, Russ Ellis, Mark D. Inman and Manel Jordana

Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine and Division of Respiratory Diseases and Allergy, Center for Gene Therapeutics, Millennium Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, Massachusetts; and Department of Medicine, Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada

Correspondence and requests for reprints should be addressed to Manel Jordana, M.D., Ph.D., Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Health Sciences Centre, Room 4H17, McMaster University, 1200 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, Canada L8N 3Z5. E-mail: jordanam{at}mcmaster.ca

It is now fully appreciated that asthma is a disease of a chronic nature resulting from intermittent or continued aeroallergen exposure leading to airway inflammation. To investigate responses to continuous antigen exposure, mice were exposed to either house dust mite extract (HDM) or ovalbumin intranasally for five consecutive days, followed by 2 days of rest, for up to seven consecutive weeks. Continuous exposure to HDM, unlike ovalbumin, elicited severe and persistent eosinophilic airway inflammation. Flow cytometric analysis demonstrated an accumulation of CD4+ lymphocytes in the lung with elevated expression of inducible costimulator a marker of T cell activation, and of T1/ST2, a marker of helper T Type 2 effector cells. We also detected increased and sustained production of helper T cell Type 2-associated cytokines by splenocytes of HDM-exposed mice on in vitro HDM recall. Histologic analysis of the lung showed evidence of airway remodeling in mice exposed to HDM, with goblet cell hyperplasia, collagen deposition, and peribronchial accumulation of contractile tissue. In addition, HDM-exposed mice demonstrated severe airway hyperreactivity to methacholine. Finally, these responses were studied for up to 9 weeks after cessation of HDM exposure. We observed that whereas airway inflammation resolved fully, the remodeling changes did not resolve and airway hyperreactivity resolved only partly.

Key Words: allergy and immunology • animal • asthma • models




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