Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., Volume 157, Number 5, May 1998, 1483-1488

Inhaled Nitric Oxide in Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
A Pilot Randomized Controlled Study

ERIC TRONCY, JEAN-PAUL COLLET, STAN SHAPIRO, JEAN-GILLES GUIMOND, LOUIS BLAIR, THIERRY DUCRUET, MARTIN FRANC UR, MARC CHARBONNEAU, and GILBERT BLAISE

Department of Anesthesia, Department of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Campus Notre Dame, and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The Sir Mortimer B. Davis Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada

This pilot randomized controlled clinical trial of patients with ARDS was implemented to study the impact of inhaled nitric oxide (inhNO) on lung function, morbidity, and mortality. Thirty patients with ARDS were randomly allocated to usual care or usual care plus inhNO. The optimal dose of inhNO was determined to be between 0.5 and 40 parts-per-million daily. All therapeutic interventions were standardized. ARDS resulted mainly from sepsis (25 of the 30). During the first 24 h, the hypoxia score increased greatly in patients treated with inhNO +70.4 mm Hg (+59%) versus +14.2 mm Hg (+9.3%) for the control group (p = 0.02), venous admixture decreased from 25.7 to 15.2% in the inhNO group, and from only 19.4 to 14.9% in the control group (p = 0.05). After the first day of therapy no further beneficial effect of inhNO was detected. Forty percent of the patients treated with inhNO were alive and weaned from mechanical ventilation within 30 d after randomization compared with 33.3% in the control group (p = 0.83). The 30-d mortality rate was similar in the two groups; most deaths (11 of 17) were due to multiple organ dysfunction syndrome. This study shows that inhNO, in this population, may improve gas exchange but does not affect mortality.

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